path: root/71.md

NIP-71
======

Video Events
------------

`draft` `optional`

This specification defines _video_ events representing a dedicated post of externally hosted content.

Unlike a `kind:1` event with a video attached, video events are meant to contain all additional metadata concerning the subject media and to be surfaced in video-specific clients rather than general micro-blogging clients. The thought is for events of this kind to be referenced in a Netflix, YouTube, or TikTok like nostr client where the video itself is at the center of the experience.

## Video Events

There are two types of video events represented by different kinds: _normal_ and _short_ video events. This is meant to allow clients to cater to each as the viewing experience for longer, mostly horizontal (landscape) videos is often different than that of short-form, mostly vertical (portrait), videos ("stories", "reels", "shorts" etc).

Nothing except cavaliership and common sense prevents a _short_ video from being long, or a _normal_ video from being vertical, and that may or may not be justified, it's mostly a stylistic qualitative difference, not a question of actual raw size.

#### Format

The format uses a _regular event_ kind `21` for _normal_ videos and `22` for _short_ videos.

## Addressable Video Events

For content that may need updates after publication (such as correcting metadata, descriptions, or handling URL migrations), addressable versions are available:

- Kind `32221` for _addressable normal videos_
- Kind `32222` for _addressable short videos_

These addressable events follow the same format as their regular counterparts but include a `d` tag as a unique identifier and can be updated while maintaining the same addressable reference. This is particularly useful for:

- Metadata corrections (descriptions, titles, tags) without republishing
- Preservation of imported content IDs from legacy platforms
- URL migration when hosting changes
- Platform migration tracking

The `.content` of these events is a summary or description on the video content.

The primary source of video information is the `imeta` tags which is defined in [NIP-92](92.md)

Each `imeta` tag can be used to specify a variant of the video by the `dim` & `m` properties.

Example:
```json
[
  ["imeta",
    "dim 1920x1080",
    "url https://myvideo.com/1080/12345.mp4",
    "x 3093509d1e0bc604ff60cb9286f4cd7c781553bc8991937befaacfdc28ec5cdc",
    "m video/mp4",
    "image https://myvideo.com/1080/12345.jpg",
    "image https://myotherserver.com/1080/12345.jpg",
    "fallback https://myotherserver.com/1080/12345.mp4",
    "fallback https://andanotherserver.com/1080/12345.mp4",
    "service nip96",
  ],
  ["imeta",
    "dim 1280x720",
    "url https://myvideo.com/720/12345.mp4",
    "x e1d4f808dae475ed32fb23ce52ef8ac82e3cc760702fca10d62d382d2da3697d",
    "m video/mp4",
    "image https://myvideo.com/720/12345.jpg",
    "image https://myotherserver.com/720/12345.jpg",
    "fallback https://myotherserver.com/720/12345.mp4",
    "fallback https://andanotherserver.com/720/12345.mp4",
    "service nip96",
  ],
  ["imeta",
    "dim 1280x720",
    "url https://myvideo.com/720/12345.m3u8",
    "x 704e720af2697f5d6a198ad377789d462054b6e8d790f8a3903afbc1e044014f",
    "m application/x-mpegURL",
    "image https://myvideo.com/720/12345.jpg",
    "image https://myotherserver.com/720/12345.jpg",
    "fallback https://myotherserver.com/720/12345.m3u8",
    "fallback https://andanotherserver.com/720/12345.m3u8",
    "service nip96",
  ],
]
```

Where `url` is the primary server url and `fallback` are other servers hosting the same file, both `url` and `fallback` should be weighted equally and clients are recommended to use any of the provided video urls.

The `image` tag contains a preview image (at the same resolution). Multiple `image` tags may be used to specify fallback copies in the same way `fallback` is used for `url`.

Additionally `service nip96` may be included to allow clients to search the authors NIP-96 server list to find the file using the hash.

### Required tags for addressable events:
* `d` - Unique identifier for this video (user-chosen string, required for kinds 32221, 32222)

### Other tags:
* `title` (required) title of the video
* `published_at`, for the timestamp in unix seconds (stringified) of the first time the video was published
* `duration` (optional) video duration in seconds
* `text-track` (optional, repeated) link to WebVTT file for video, type of supplementary information (captions/subtitles/chapters/metadata), optional language code
* `content-warning` (optional) warning about content of NSFW video
* `alt` (optional) description for accessibility
* `segment` (optional, repeated) start timestamp in format `HH:MM:SS.sss`, end timestamp in format `HH:MM:SS.sss`, chapter/segment title, chapter thumbnail-url
* `t` (optional, repeated) hashtag to categorize video
* `p` (optional, repeated) 32-bytes hex pubkey of a participant in the video, optional recommended relay URL
* `r` (optional, repeated) references / links to web pages

### Optional tags for imported content:
* `origin` - Track original platform and ID: `["origin", "<platform>", "<external-id>", "<original-url>", "<optional-metadata>"]`

```jsonc
{
  "id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
  "pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
  "created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
  "kind": 21 | 22,
  "content": "<summary / description of video>",
  "tags": [
    ["title", "<title of video>"],
    ["published_at", "<unix timestamp>"],
    ["alt", <description>],

    // video Data
    ["imeta",
      "dim 1920x1080",
      "url https://myvideo.com/1080/12345.mp4",
      "x 3093509d1e0bc604ff60cb9286f4cd7c781553bc8991937befaacfdc28ec5cdc",
      "m video/mp4",
      "image https://myvideo.com/1080/12345.jpg",
      "image https://myotherserver.com/1080/12345.jpg",
      "fallback https://myotherserver.com/1080/12345.mp4",
      "fallback https://andanotherserver.com/1080/12345.mp4",
      "service nip96",
    ],

    ["duration", <duration of video in seconds>],
    ["text-track", "<encoded `kind 6000` event>", "<recommended relay urls>"],
    ["content-warning", "<reason>"],
    ["segment", <start>, <end>, "<title>", "<thumbnail URL>"],

    // participants
    ["p", "<32-bytes hex of a pubkey>", "<optional recommended relay URL>"],
    ["p", "<32-bytes hex of a pubkey>", "<optional recommended relay URL>"],

    // hashtags
    ["t", "<tag>"],
    ["t", "<tag>"],

    // reference links
    ["r", "<url>"],
    ["r", "<url>"]
  ]
}
```

## Addressable Event Example

```jsonc
{
  "id": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded SHA-256 of the the serialized event data>,
  "pubkey": <32-bytes lowercase hex-encoded public key of the event creator>,
  "created_at": <Unix timestamp in seconds>,
  "kind": 32221 | 32222,
  "content": "<summary / description of video>",
  "tags": [
    ["d", "<unique-identifier>"],
    ["title", "<title of video>"],
    ["published_at", "<unix timestamp>"],
    ["alt", "<description for accessibility>"],

    // video data
    ["imeta",
      "url https://example.com/media.mp4",
      "m video/mp4",
      "dim 480x480",
      "blurhash eVF$^OI:${M{%LRjWBoLoLaeR*",
      "image https://example.com/thumb.jpg",
      "x 3093509d1e0bc604ff60cb9286f4cd7c781553bc8991937befaacfdc28ec5cdc"
    ],

    ["duration", <duration in seconds>],
    ["content-warning", "<reason>"],

    // origin tracking for imported content
    ["origin", "<platform>", "<external-id>", "<original-url>", "<optional-metadata>"],

    // participants
    ["p", "<32-bytes hex of a pubkey>", "<optional recommended relay URL>"],

    // hashtags
    ["t", "<tag>"],
    ["t", "<tag>"],

    // reference links
    ["r", "<url>"]
  ]
}
```

## Referencing Addressable Events

To reference an addressable video:

```
["a", "32221:<pubkey>:<d-tag-value>", "<relay-url>"]  // for normal videos
["a", "32222:<pubkey>:<d-tag-value>", "<relay-url>"]  // for short videos
```